Sound and Effective Institutions for Whole-Process People’s Democracy

The institutions for whole-process people's democracy include the state system of people's democratic governance, the people's congress system as the system of state power, the system of CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation, the most extensive patriotic united front, the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and the system of primary-level self-governance.

In his report to the 20th CPC National Congress held in October 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping reaffirmed the basic provisions of China's Constitution regarding the nature of the state, declaring that “China is a socialist country of people's democratic dictatorship under the leadership of the working class based on an alliance of workers and farmers; all power of the state in China belongs to the people.”

The system of the people's congresses ensures unity between CPC leadership, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance. It is a sound system that accords with China's national conditions and realities. It represents the socialist nature of our state, ensures that the people run the country, and provides safeguards for national rejuvenation. As an entirely new political system, it is of major importance in the history of China's political development and even that of the world.

The system of CPC-led multi-party cooperation and political consultation is grown out of Chinese soil. It embodies Chinese wisdom, while also drawing on and absorbing the outstanding political achievements of other countries. It is a new type of political party system developed in China. This system facilitates integration between governance and participation, leadership and cooperation, and consultation and oversight. It is an important way of ensuring that the people run the country and a vital institutional vehicle for socialist consultative democracy.

The united front is an important instrument for the CPC in rallying the people's support and pooling their strength. The CPC has always placed great importance on the united front. It is committed to achieving great unity and solidarity, balancing commonality and diversity, uniting all forces that can be united, and mobilizing all positive factors available in order to pool as much strength as possible for collective endeavors.

The system of regional ethnic autonomy is one in which, under unified state leadership, regional autonomy is exercised and offices for this purpose are set up in areas with large ethnic minority populations. This has greatly enhanced the sense of pride and responsibility among people of ethnic groups in running their own affairs. It has stimulated the initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity of people from all ethnicities, enabling them to collectively work toward creating a bright future for our nation and to share in the pride of the Chinese nation.

The system of primary-level self-governance mainly consists of the systems of village self-governance, resident self-governance, and employee congresses. With the leadership and support of primary-level CPC organizations, people can exercise their democratic rights directly and lawfully and manage, serve, educate, and oversee themselves. This system effectively prevents a situation where people hold nominal but not real power.