Cai Xiaoxia makes a dough figurine at her studio in Rugao, Nantong. [Photo/WeChat account: rugaofabu]

The traditional craft of dough figurines has been passed down through five generations of the Cai family in Rugao, Nantong, and is now being carried forward by Cai Xiaoxia, the youngest in a long line of artisans.

What once began with her grandfather carrying figurines through the streets to amuse children gradually evolved into a passion for her. Her father wove the craft into local customs, where the figurines became symbols of blessing at weddings and birthdays. Today, Cai Xiaoxia has redefined the tradition by blending classical techniques with modern aesthetics, creating works that are both culturally rich and contemporary in their appeal.

Twelve dough figures created by Cai Xiaoxia, inspired by the painting The Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk. [Photo/WeChat account: rugaofabu]

Among her creations is a detailed recreation of The Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk, featuring 12 lifelike figures shaped entirely by hand. Every movement, hairstyle, and fold of fabric is meticulously sculpted, capturing both physical vitality and the serene elegance of women's daily life in the Tang Dynasty (618-907).

She has also transformed Emperor Huizong's Literary Gathering into a dough figurine tableau, where scholars enjoy tea and music — bringing scenes from static paintings into vivid, tangible form.

Her studio has now become a hub for passing on the craft, with dozens of learners ranging from curious children to young adults eager to explore traditional culture. "Dough figurines are not just a skill," Cai says. "They are culture, and a way of passing on emotion."