The College of Foreign Languages was established in 1959. The college consists of the Departments of English, the Department of Russian and the Department of Japanese, as well as supporting institutions, such as the Foreign Languages Education and Teachers Education Institute, the Interpreting and Translation Research Center, the Master of Interpreting Education Center and the Foreign Languages Education Technology Center.

It also has specialized institutions such as the Inner Mongolia Teachers Foreign Languages Training Center, the Network Education Counseling Center of Beijing Foreign Studies University and an IELTS testing center.

The college is an important base for Inner Mongolia's cultivation of foreign language talents. Its Russian major was established in 1959; one year later, it established the English department, and founded the department of Japanese in 2003. In that same year, the school started to recruit undergraduate students of Business English. Currently it has three undergraduate majors, namely English, Russian and Japanese, and five specialties, including English, Business English, Russian, Business Russian and Japanese.

The college's English major was selected as a key discipline at the university level in 2002, and became a brand discipline in the autonomous region four years later.

The college's postgraduate education was initiated in 2001. It now has three academic master's degree programs and two professional master's degree programs. The linguistics and applied linguistics of foreign languages, one of the three academic master's degree programs, was selected as a key discipline at the autonomous region level in 2008.

Over the past fifty years, the College of Foreign Languages has cultivated nearly 10,000 undergraduates, postgraduates and junior school graduates of different majors. It is hailed as a cradle of foreign language talents.