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体育强国 leading sports nation

Updated: 2019-09-30
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The new plan, named "Outline for Building a Leading Sports Nation", targets wider public engagement in sports, better competitive sports performances, a stronger sports industry, a more vibrant sports culture, and enhanced sports exchanges.
《体育强国建设纲要》旨在推进全民健身,提升竞技体育综合实力,加快发展体育产业,促进体育文化繁荣发展,加强体育交流。

《纲要》提出的战略目标包括:

People who frequently participate in physical exercises should account for over 45 percent of the population by 2035; China should become a modern leading sports socialist country by 2050, and its people’s physical fitness, general health levels and global influence in sports should be in the front ranks of the world.
到2035年,经常参加体育锻炼人数比例达到45%以上;到2050年,全面建成社会主义现代化体育强国,人民身体素养和健康水平、体育综合实力和国际影响力居于世界前列。

《纲要》针对体育强国建设提出了五个方面战略任务。

一是落实全民健身国家战略(advance the national fitness campaign),助力健康中国建设。

People’s health should be put at the core of the campaign, with national fitness plans to be formulated and implemented and scientific fitness knowledge and methods to be disseminated.
坚持以人民健康为中心,制定并实施全民健身计划,普及科学健身知识和健身方法。

二是提升竞技体育综合实力(improve performance in competitive sports events),增强为国争光能力。

Preparations were encouraged for the coming Tokyo 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games, the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.
做好2020年东京奥运会、残奥会和2022年北京冬奥会、冬残奥会备战参赛工作。

三是加快发展体育产业(facilitate the growth of sports industry),培育经济转型新动能。

The development, design and manufacturing of sports goods will be supported, and their supply capacity will be improved as well, the circular read, adding more mass sports activities should be organized and sports games should be held during holidays to stimulate people’s consumption.
支持体育用品研发设计、生产制造,显著提升体育用品供给能力。丰富节假日体育赛事供给,激发大众体育消费需求。

四是促进体育文化繁荣发展(cultivate a vibrant sports culture),弘扬中华体育精神。

五是加强对外和对港澳台体育交流(enhance sports exchanges with other countries, Hong Kong and Macao SARs and Taiwan),服务大国特色外交和“一国两制”事业。

作弊刑事案件司法解释 judicial interpretation about crimes of exam cheating

People who organize exam cheating or offer high-tech equipment to test takers in order to cheat will face heavier penalties in accordance with a newly released judicial interpretation.
根据最新发布的司法解释,组织考试作弊或者为他人实施作弊提供高科技作弊器材的,将面临更加严重的处罚。

【单词讲解】

Cheat这个词在英语里很常用,可以作为动词和名词使用,有“欺骗、骗子、出轨”等意思,不同的搭配会表达不同的意思,我们在使用的时候要非常注意。比如,cheat on someone表达的是“背着(配偶、性伴侣)乱搞;对(配偶、性伴侣)不忠”的意思,也就是我们常说的“出轨”,如果你想说“她骗了我”可以直接用she cheated me或者she fooled me来表示,而千万不能说she cheated on me。另外,我们也可以直接说someone is a cheat,来表示“某人是个骗子”。

为严厉惩治考试作弊犯罪,2015年11月1日起施行的《刑法修正案(九)》明确组织作弊(organize cheating)、提供作弊器材(provide equipment or help for cheating)、非法出售或提供试题答案(illegally sell exam questions and answers)、代考替考(take tests for somebody else)等4类行为最高可判处七年有期徒刑(a sentence of up to seven years imprisonment)。根据刑法第二百八十四条之一的规定,组织考试作弊罪,非法出售、提供试题、答案罪和代替考试罪的适用范围是“法律规定的国家考试”。

此次发布的司法解释明确了“法律规定的国家考试”范围,是指全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定的法律所规定的考试。

具体而言,根据有关法律规定,下列考试属于“法律规定的国家考试(national-level exams stipulated by law)”:

(1)普通高等学校招生考试(the national college entrance exam)、研究生招生考试(the postgraduate entrance exam)、高等教育自学考试(exam for self-taught students)、成人高等学校招生考试(entrance exam for continuing education)等国家教育考试;

(2)中央和地方公务员录用考试(the national and local civil servant exams);

(3)国家统一法律职业资格考试、国家教师资格考试、注册会计师全国统一考试、会计专业技术资格考试、资产评估师资格考试、医师资格考试、执业药师职业资格考试、注册建筑师考试、建造师执业资格考试等专业技术资格考试(national exams to obtain professional qualifications like those for teachers, lawyers, accountants, physicians, pharmacists, and architects);

(4)其他依照法律由中央或者地方主管部门以及行业组织的国家考试。

刑法规定,在法律规定的国家考试中,组织作弊或者为他人实施组织作弊犯罪提供作弊器材或其他帮助的,即构成组织考试作弊罪,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役(detention or less than three years in prison),并处或者单处罚金;情节严重的(for serious cases),处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑(three to seven years in prison),并处罚金。

新的司法解释对组织考试作弊罪“情节严重”的认定标准作了明确规定。这九种情形分别是:

在普通高等学校招生考试、研究生招生考试、公务员录用考试中组织考试作弊的(organize cheating in national college entrance exam, postgraduate entrance exam and public servant exam);

导致考试推迟、取消或者启用备用试题的(cause delay or cancellation of the exam);

考试工作人员组织考试作弊的(the offender works for the authorities organizing and overseeing the exam);

组织考生跨省、自治区、直辖市作弊的(organize cheating in other provinces,autonomous regions or municipalities);

多次组织考试作弊的(repeatedly organize cheating in exams);

组织30人次以上作弊的(organize 30 or more people to cheat in an exam);

提供作弊器材50件以上的(provide more than 50 cheating devices);

违法所得30万元以上的(obtain an illegal gain of at least 300,000 yuan);

其他情节严重的情形。


司法解释第三条对“作弊器材”的认定标准也作了明确,规定:

“具有避开或者突破考场防范作弊的安全管理措施,获取、记录、传递、接收、存储考试试题、答案等功能的程序、工具(applications or devices that can evade security checks and help gain, record, convey, receive or store questions and answers of the exams),以及专门设计用于作弊的程序、工具,应当认定为刑法第二百八十四条之一第二款规定的‘作弊器材’。”