共享单车押金新规 new rules on sharing bike deposits
The regulation, if enacted, would require that companies charge users a deposit based on their service capability. The total prepaid funds in a user's account on a bike-sharing platform, for example, would be capped at 100 yuan ($15), while the money for other new transportation business would be less than 8,000 yuan.
新规要求,运营企业收取的用户预付资金总规模应当与其服务能力相匹配,互联网租赁自行车单个用户账号内的预付资金额度不得超过100元;其他交通运输新业态单个用户账号内的预付资金额度不得超过8000元。
The draft regulation makes it clear that users' prepaid funds can only be used for a company's main business, and may not be used for investment-such as real estate, equity, securities and bonds-or for debt service.
新规还明确提出,运营企业只能将用户预付资金用于其主营业务,不得用于不动产、股权、证券、债券等投资及其他借贷用途等。
【名词解释】
这里提到的“共享出行”包括网络预约出租汽车(online taxi-hailing)、汽车分时租赁(car rental)和互联网租赁自行车(online bike rental/bike sharing)等。
共享出行其实是分享经济(sharing economy)的一种。分享经济(sharing economy或shared economy)指能够让商品、服务、数据以及才能等有共享渠道的经济社会体系(economic and social systems that enable shared access to goods, services, data and talent)。这些体系形式各异,但都是运用信息技术让个人、公司、非盈利机构以及政府掌握大量信息以让他们可以分配、共享及再利用过剩的商品和服务(empower individuals, corporations, non-profits and government with information that enables distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services)。
新规要求,运营企业原则上不收取用户押金,确有必要收取的,应当基于协议(any deposits should be based on agreements),提供运营企业专用存款账户(special deposit account)和用户个人银行结算账户(personal settlement account)两种资金存管方式,供用户选择。用户押金归用户所有,运营企业不得挪用(companies may not misappropriate deposit funds)。
此外,新规还明确提出,运营企业应当建立用户预付资金备付金制度(provisions system for user deposits),备付金不得低于用户预付资金余额的40%。
根据新规,用户申请退还押金(apply for deposit refund)时,存管银行和其他支付服务机构核对相关信息后,应当于当日(至迟次日)基于原路退还原则退还用户。用户原账户发生变化的,运营企业需提供用户身份信息、押金支付信息和退款账户信息,存管银行和其他支付服务机构核对认定后再行退还(refund customers' deposits after verifying the user's information)。