火山爆发 volcano eruptions
Consulate General of China in Los Angeles issued an alert message Saturday morning, warning Chinese citizens not to stay in dangerous zones in Hawaii's Big Island, which has been suffering strong volcano eruptions and earthquakes since Thursday.
中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆5日晨发布通告,提醒中国公民避免进入自3日以来受火山喷发和地震影响的高危险区域(大岛)。
据美国地质勘探局地震信息网消息,夏威夷群岛的最大岛屿比格艾兰岛(Big Island“大岛”)当地时间4日中午发生6.9级地震,震中邻近正处于喷发状态的基拉韦火山(the Kilauea Volcano)。当地政府启动应急响应机制,疏散周围居民,火山所在的夏威夷火山国家公园(the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park)已部分关闭。
中国驻洛杉矶总领事馆在通告中提醒中国公民,关注火山活动情况,遵从当地政府部门指引(follow the directions of the local government),避免进入高危险区域。
据夏威夷州当地应急部门通告,对人们健康最大的威胁来自火山喷发后飘落的灰烬和地质活动在地表形成裂缝后排出的有毒气体(toxic gas)。
The Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory said eight vents, each several hundred meters long, opened in the neighborhood since Thursday. By late Saturday, the fissures had quieted down and were only releasing steam and gas.
夏威夷火山观测站表示,自3日以来,周边共有8个长达数百米的裂缝,到5日下午,裂缝暂时处于平静状态,只释放出一些蒸汽和气体。
Authorities cautioned sulfuric gas pouring out of the vents posed dangers, particularly to elderly and people with respiratory problems.
当地政府警告称,裂缝中释放出的含硫气体会有潜在危害,对老年人以及有呼吸道疾病的人群尤其有害。
地下云图网 underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring
According to the plan, 2,000 monitoring stations will be built in two years in Sichuan and Yunnan, two quake-prone provinces in southwest China, said scientists with the Institute of Care-life, a disaster-reduction lab based in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan.
四川省成都高新减灾研究所的科学家表示,按照规划,我国将用两年时间在四川和云南两个地震多发省份建立2000个监测站。
地下云图网(underground seismic network for earthquake monitoring)是通过在四川、云南建设2000个地下云图监测站(monitoring stations),实时关注与地震发生直接相关的物理量——地下应力和能量(underground stress and energy),从而形成它们的动态演化图。
新建设的川滇地下云图网的主要科学目标是,解决浅源(深度小于20千米)破坏性地震的临震预报(to predict shallow earthquakes whose epicenters are less than 20 kilometers deep)难题。临震预报(imminent earthquake prediction)是指对某地几天以内,在较小范围内可能发生的破坏性地震做出的预报。
按照科研计划,地震预警四川省重点实验室、成都高新减灾研究所将用1至2年建成川滇地下云图网;再用3年时间,运用新建设的地下云图网采集10个左右破坏性地震的案例(monitor the region for three years and expect to collect data on about 10 earthquakes in this period),进行地震预报的内部技术试验等。目前,首个地下云图网监测站和传感设备,已在汶川县映秀地震台部署完成。